Verbs
Devanāgarī dhātu	Sk.-Eng. Transliteration	Latv.-Eng. Transliteration	Latvian	Common Meaning (other meanings notwithstanding)
बुध	budh	budinaat	budināt	to wake
अस्मि	asmi	esmu ("e" like "a" in "sad")	esmu	I am
असि	asi	esi	esi	you are
जीव्	jiiv	dziivot	dzīvot	to live
इ	i (short "i" as in "kid")	iat ("ia" in "Ian")	iet	to go
भू	bhuu	buut	būt	to be
चिन्त्	chint	zinaat	zināt	Latv.: to know; Sk.: to think, reflect
मुच्; मुक्त	much ("u" as 1st "u" in "suture"); mukta	mukt	mukt	Latv.: to flee; Sk.: to relinquish, to let loose; released, abandoned
मृ	mr ("r" pronounced "ri" as in "rig")	mirt	mirt	to die
भी	bhii	biitias ("ia" in "Ian")	bīties	to fear
प्रच्, प्रश्न	prach, prashna (noun)	prasiit, prashnaat ("n" as in "sing")	prasīt, prašņāt	to ask, to inquire; Sk: question, query (n)

Nouns
Devanāgarī	Sk.-Eng. Transliteration	Latv.-Eng. Transliteration	Latvian	Common Meaning (other meanings notwithstanding)
वाद	vaada	vaarts	vārds	Latv.: word; Sk.: speech, talk, utterance
मधु	madhu	medus	medus	honey
तातः	taatah	taite ("ai" as in air)	tēte	father
योग	yoga	yuugs	jūgs	yoke
अग्नि	agni	uguns	uguns	fire
धूम	dhuuma	duumi	dūmi	smoke
देव	deva	diavs ("ia" in "Ian")	dievs	god, deity
पद	pada	peeda ("ee" like "a" in "sad")	pēda	step, footstep
दिन	dina	diana ("ia" in "Ian")	diena	day
लोक	loka	loks	loks	range, open space
अक्षि	akshi	ats (plural: atsis)	acs (daudz.: acis)	eye
अश्रु	ashru	asara	asara	tear (as in crying)
वीर	viira	viirs, viiriatis ("ia" in "Ian")	vīrs, vīrietis	Latv.: husband, man; Sk.: man, hero
ऐश्वर	aishvara	vara	vara	power (Sk. aishva: related to Shiiva; regal, divine)
गो	go	govs	govs	cow
गति	gati	gatve ("e" as in "end")	gatve	Latv.: avenue, walkway; Sk.: going, moving, gait
वस्तु	vastu	vaists ("ai" as in air)	vēsts	Latv.: message, announcement; Sk.: subject-matter, contents
विश्व	vishva	visi	visi	all
रथ	ratha	rati	rati	wagon, cart
वायु	vaayu	vaiysh ("ai" as in air)	vējš	wind
उदक	udaka	uudens	ūdens	water
मनस्	manas	mana ("n" as in "sing")	maņa	Latv.: sense, feeling, sensation; Sk.: mind, perception, sense; the faculty or instrument through which thoughts enter or by which objects of sense affect the soul
स्वप्न	svapna	sapnis	sapnis	dream

Adjectives, adverbs, etc.
Devanāgarī	Sk.-Eng. Transliteration	Latv.-Eng. Transliteration	Latvian	Common Meaning (other meanings notwithstanding)
ततः	tata	taatad	tātad	therefore
कदा	kadaa	kad	kad	when
तदा	tadaa	tad	tad	then
यदि	yadi	ya	ja	if
प्रति	prati	pretiim	pretīm	against
अग्रे	agre	agri	agri	Latv.: early; Sk.: in the beginning, first
स्व	sva	sav-	savs, savam, sev, etc.	one's own, e.g., mine, (for) myself, herself, himself, etc. (i.e., declinable)
पार	paara	paari	pāri	over, across
द्वि	dvi (short "i")	divi	divi	two
त्रि	tri (short "i")	triis	trīs	three
चतुर्	chatur	chetri	četri	four
पञ्चन्	panchan	piatsi ("ia" as in "ian")	pieci	five
षष्	shash	seshi	seši	six
सप्तन्	saptan	septini ("n" as in "sing")	septiņi	seven
अष्टन्	ashTan (palatal "T")	astoni ("n" as in "sing")	astoņi	eight
दशन्	dashan	desmit	desmit	ten
गुरु	guru	gruuta	grūta	pregnant
सुमुख	sumukha	smuks	smuks	handsome

Interesting, possible, random
Devanāgarī	Sk.-Eng. Transliteration	Latv.-Eng. Transliteration	Latvian	Common Meaning (other meanings notwithstanding)
ऋत	rta ("r" pronounced "ri" as in "rig")	ritait ("ai" like "ai" in air)	ritēt	Latv.: to flow, course; Sk.: order or course of things
आर्य	aarya	araays	arājs	Latv.: ploughman (but also respected head of family); Sk.: noble
पतम, पत्र	patama, pattra	putns	putns	bird
वह	vah	vest	vest	to bring
चित्त	chitta	sirds	sirds	heart (Sk. also "mind")
अनुलोम	anuloma	uz mata	uz mata	Literal and idiomatic similarity: Latv.: lit., on hair, i.e., correct; Sk.: with hair, or fur, i.e., in the proper manner
Original final "-स्"	-s as ending for masculine-gendered words; changes to visarga in grammar	-s ending for masculine-gendered words	-s	Common ending for masculine-gender words
क्श	ksha	karsh	karš	Latv.: war; Sk.: 1. destruction; 2. field