tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-79676344934156080652024-03-08T05:42:56.238-07:00Latvian Sanskrit CognatesDzintars Dzilnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10166634741404371322noreply@blogger.comBlogger1125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7967634493415608065.post-63021982177821285182009-02-05T17:43:00.158-07:002011-11-26T08:04:03.197-07:00<table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><td colspan="5"><center><strong>Verbs</strong></center></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Devanāgarī dhātu</strong></td><td><strong>Sk.-Eng. Transliteration</strong></td><td><strong>Latv.-Eng. Transliteration</strong></td><td><strong>Latvian</strong></td><td><strong>Common Meaning (other meanings notwithstanding)</strong></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">बुध</span></td><td>budh</td><td>budinaat</td><td>budināt</td><td>to wake</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">अस्मि</span></td><td>asmi</td><td>esmu ("e" like "a" in "sad")</td><td>esmu</td><td>I am</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">असि</span></td><td>asi</td><td>esi</td><td>esi</td><td>you are</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">जीव्</span></td><td>jiiv</td><td>dziivot</td><td>dzīvot</td><td>to live</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">इ</span></td><td>i (short "i" as in "kid")</td><td>iat ("ia" in "Ian")</td><td>iet</td><td>to go</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">भू</span></td><td>bhuu</td><td>buut</td><td>būt</td><td>to be</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">चिन्त्</span></td><td>chint</td><td>zinaat</td><td>zināt</td><td>Latv.: to know; Sk.: to think, reflect</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">मुच्; मुक्त</span></td><td>much ("u" as 1st "u" in "suture"); mukta</td><td>mukt</td><td>mukt</td><td>Latv.: to flee; Sk.: to relinquish, to let loose; released, abandoned</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">मृ</span></td><td>mr ("r" pronounced "ri" as in "rig")</td><td>mirt</td><td>mirt</td><td>to die</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">भी</span></td><td>bhii</td><td>biitias ("ia" in "Ian")</td><td>bīties</td><td>to fear</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">प्रच्, प्रश्न</span></td><td>prach, prashna (noun)</td><td>prasiit, prashnaat ("n" as in "sing")</td><td>prasīt, prašņāt</td><td>to ask, to inquire; Sk: question, query (n)</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><td colspan="5"><center><strong>Nouns</strong></center></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Devanāgarī</strong></td><td><strong>Sk.-Eng. Transliteration</strong></td><td><strong>Latv.-Eng. Transliteration</strong></td><td><strong>Latvian</strong></td><td><strong>Common Meaning (other meanings notwithstanding)</strong></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">वाद</span></td><td>vaada</td><td>vaarts</td><td>vārds</td><td>Latv.: word; Sk.: speech, talk, utterance</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">मधु</span></td><td>madhu</td><td>medus</td><td>medus</td><td>honey</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">तातः</span></td><td>taatah</td><td>taite ("ai" as in air)</td><td>tēte</td><td>father</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">योग</span></td><td>yoga</td><td>yuugs</td><td>jūgs</td><td>yoke</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">अग्नि</span></td><td>agni</td><td>uguns</td><td>uguns</td><td>fire</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">धूम</span></td><td>dhuuma</td><td>duumi</td><td>dūmi</td><td>smoke</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">देव</span></td><td>deva</td><td>diavs ("ia" in "Ian")</td><td>dievs</td><td>god, deity</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">पद</span></td><td>pada</td><td>peeda ("ee" like "a" in "sad")</td><td>pēda</td><td>step, footstep</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">दिन</span></td><td>dina</td><td>diana ("ia" in "Ian")</td><td>diena</td><td>day</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">लोक</span></td><td>loka</td><td>loks</td><td>loks</td><td>range, open space</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">अक्षि</span></td><td>akshi</td><td>ats (plural: atsis)</td><td>acs (daudz.: acis)</td><td>eye</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">अश्रु</span></td><td>ashru</td><td>asara</td><td>asara</td><td>tear (as in crying)</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">वीर</span></td><td>viira</td><td>viirs, viiriatis ("ia" in "Ian")</td><td>vīrs, vīrietis</td><td>Latv.: husband, man; Sk.: man, hero</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">ऐश्वर</span></td><td>aishvara</td><td>vara</td><td>vara</td><td>power (Sk. aishva: related to Shiiva; regal, divine)</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">गो</span></td><td>go</td><td>govs</td><td>govs</td><td>cow</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">गति</span></td><td>gati</td><td>gatve ("e" as in "end")</td><td>gatve</td><td>Latv.: avenue, walkway; Sk.: going, moving, gait</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">वस्तु</span></td><td>vastu</td><td>vaists ("ai" as in air)</td><td>vēsts</td><td>Latv.: message, announcement; Sk.: subject-matter, contents</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">विश्व</span></td><td>vishva</td><td>visi</td><td>visi</td><td>all</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">रथ</span></td><td>ratha</td><td>rati</td><td>rati</td><td>wagon, cart</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">वायु</span></td><td>vaayu</td><td>vaiysh ("ai" as in air)</td><td>vējš</td><td>wind</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">उदक</span></td><td>udaka</td><td>uudens</td><td>ūdens</td><td>water</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">मनस्</span></td><td>manas</td><td>mana ("n" as in "sing")</td><td>maņa</td><td>Latv.: sense, feeling, sensation; Sk.: mind, perception, sense; the faculty or instrument through which thoughts enter or by which objects of sense affect the soul</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">स्वप्न</span></td><td>svapna</td><td>sapnis</td><td>sapnis</td><td>dream</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><td colspan="5"><center><strong>Adjectives, adverbs, etc.</strong></center></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Devanāgarī</strong></td><td><strong>Sk.-Eng. Transliteration</strong></td><td><strong>Latv.-Eng. Transliteration</strong></td><td><strong>Latvian</strong></td><td><strong>Common Meaning (other meanings notwithstanding)</strong></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">ततः</span></td><td>tata</td><td>taatad</td><td>tātad</td><td>therefore</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">कदा</span></td><td>kadaa</td><td>kad</td><td>kad</td><td>when</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">तदा</span></td><td>tadaa</td><td>tad</td><td>tad</td><td>then</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">यदि</span></td><td>yadi</td><td>ya</td><td>ja</td><td>if</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">प्रति</span></td><td>prati</td><td>pretiim</td><td>pretīm</td><td>against</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">अग्रे</span></td><td>agre</td><td>agri</td><td>agri</td><td>Latv.: early; Sk.: in the beginning, first</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">स्व</span></td><td>sva</td><td>sav-</td><td>savs, savam, sev, etc.</td><td>one's own, e.g., mine, (for) myself, herself, himself, etc. (i.e., declinable)</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">पार<br /></span></td><td>paara</td><td>paari</td><td>pāri</td><td>over, across</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">द्वि</span></td><td>dvi (short "i")</td><td>divi</td><td>divi</td><td>two</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">त्रि</span></td><td>tri (short "i")</td><td>triis</td><td>trīs</td><td>three</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">चतुर्</span></td><td>chatur</td><td>chetri</td><td>četri</td><td>four</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">पञ्चन्</span></td><td>panchan</td><td>piatsi ("ia" as in "ian")</td><td>pieci</td><td>five</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">षष्</span></td><td>shash</td><td>seshi</td><td>seši</td><td>six</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">सप्तन्</span></td><td>saptan</td><td>septini ("n" as in "sing")</td><td>septiņi</td><td>seven</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">अष्टन्</span></td><td>ashTan (palatal "T")</td><td>astoni ("n" as in "sing")</td><td>astoņi</td><td>eight</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">दशन्</span></td><td>dashan</td><td>desmit</td><td>desmit</td><td>ten</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">गुरु</span></td><br /><td>guru</td><td>gruuta</td><td>grūta</td><td>pregnant</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">सुमुख</span></td><td>sumukha</td><td>smuks</td><td>smuks</td><td>handsome</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><table align="center" border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="1"><tbody><tr><td colspan="5"><center><strong>Interesting, possible, random</strong></center></td></tr><tr><td><strong>Devanāgarī</strong></td><td><strong>Sk.-Eng. Transliteration</strong></td><td><strong>Latv.-Eng. Transliteration</strong></td><td><strong>Latvian</strong></td><td><strong>Common Meaning (other meanings notwithstanding)</strong></td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">ऋत</span></td><td>rta ("r" pronounced "ri" as in "rig")</td><td>ritait ("ai" like "ai" in air)</td><td>ritēt</td><td>Latv.: to flow, course; Sk.: order or course of things</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">आर्य</span></td><td>aarya</td><td>araays</td><td>arājs</td><td>Latv.: ploughman (but also respected head of family); Sk.: noble</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">पतम, पत्र</span></td><td>patama, pattra</td><td>putns</td><td>putns</td><td>bird</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">वह</span></td><td>vah</td><td>vest</td><td>vest</td><td>to bring</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">चित्त</span></td><td>chitta</td><td>sirds</td><td>sirds</td><td>heart (Sk. also "mind")</td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">अनुलोम</span></td><td>anuloma</td><td>uz mata</td><td>uz mata</td><td>Literal and idiomatic similarity: Latv.: lit., <em>on hair</em>, i.e., <em>correct</em>; Sk.: <em>with hair, or fur</em>, i.e., <em>in the proper manner</em></td></tr><tr><td>Original final "-<span style="font-size:130%;">स्</span>"</td><td>-s as ending for masculine-gendered words; changes to visarga in grammar</td><td>-s ending for masculine-gendered words</td><td>-s</td><td>Common ending for masculine-gender words </td></tr><tr><td><span style="font-size:130%;">क्श</span></td><td>ksha</td><td>karsh</td><td>karš</td><td>Latv.: war; Sk.: 1. destruction; 2. field</td></tr></tbody></table>Dzintars Dzilnahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10166634741404371322noreply@blogger.com2