Devanāgarī dhātu | Sk.-Eng. Transliteration | Latv.-Eng. Transliteration | Latvian | Common Meaning (other meanings notwithstanding) |
बुध | budh | budinaat | budināt | to wake |
अस्मि | asmi | esmu ("e" like "a" in "sad") | esmu | I am |
असि | asi | esi | esi | you are |
जीव् | jiiv | dziivot | dzīvot | to live |
इ | i (short "i" as in "kid") | iat ("ia" in "Ian") | iet | to go |
भू | bhuu | buut | būt | to be |
चिन्त् | chint | zinaat | zināt | Latv.: to know; Sk.: to think, reflect |
मुच्; मुक्त | much ("u" as 1st "u" in "suture"); mukta | mukt | mukt | Latv.: to flee; Sk.: to relinquish, to let loose; released, abandoned |
मृ | mr ("r" pronounced "ri" as in "rig") | mirt | mirt | to die |
भी | bhii | biitias ("ia" in "Ian") | bīties | to fear |
प्रच्, प्रश्न | prach, prashna (noun) | prasiit, prashnaat ("n" as in "sing") | prasīt, prašņāt | to ask, to inquire; Sk: question, query (n) |
Devanāgarī | Sk.-Eng. Transliteration | Latv.-Eng. Transliteration | Latvian | Common Meaning (other meanings notwithstanding) |
वाद | vaada | vaarts | vārds | Latv.: word; Sk.: speech, talk, utterance |
मधु | madhu | medus | medus | honey |
तातः | taatah | taite ("ai" as in air) | tēte | father |
योग | yoga | yuugs | jūgs | yoke |
अग्नि | agni | uguns | uguns | fire |
धूम | dhuuma | duumi | dūmi | smoke |
देव | deva | diavs ("ia" in "Ian") | dievs | god, deity |
पद | pada | peeda ("ee" like "a" in "sad") | pēda | step, footstep |
दिन | dina | diana ("ia" in "Ian") | diena | day |
लोक | loka | loks | loks | range, open space |
अक्षि | akshi | ats (plural: atsis) | acs (daudz.: acis) | eye |
अश्रु | ashru | asara | asara | tear (as in crying) |
वीर | viira | viirs, viiriatis ("ia" in "Ian") | vīrs, vīrietis | Latv.: husband, man; Sk.: man, hero |
ऐश्वर | aishvara | vara | vara | power (Sk. aishva: related to Shiiva; regal, divine) |
गो | go | govs | govs | cow |
गति | gati | gatve ("e" as in "end") | gatve | Latv.: avenue, walkway; Sk.: going, moving, gait |
वस्तु | vastu | vaists ("ai" as in air) | vēsts | Latv.: message, announcement; Sk.: subject-matter, contents |
विश्व | vishva | visi | visi | all |
रथ | ratha | rati | rati | wagon, cart |
वायु | vaayu | vaiysh ("ai" as in air) | vējš | wind |
उदक | udaka | uudens | ūdens | water |
मनस् | manas | mana ("n" as in "sing") | maņa | Latv.: sense, feeling, sensation; Sk.: mind, perception, sense; the faculty or instrument through which thoughts enter or by which objects of sense affect the soul |
स्वप्न | svapna | sapnis | sapnis | dream |
Devanāgarī | Sk.-Eng. Transliteration | Latv.-Eng. Transliteration | Latvian | Common Meaning (other meanings notwithstanding) |
ततः | tata | taatad | tātad | therefore |
कदा | kadaa | kad | kad | when |
तदा | tadaa | tad | tad | then |
यदि | yadi | ya | ja | if |
प्रति | prati | pretiim | pretīm | against |
अग्रे | agre | agri | agri | Latv.: early; Sk.: in the beginning, first |
स्व | sva | sav- | savs, savam, sev, etc. | one's own, e.g., mine, (for) myself, herself, himself, etc. (i.e., declinable) |
पार | paara | paari | pāri | over, across |
द्वि | dvi (short "i") | divi | divi | two |
त्रि | tri (short "i") | triis | trīs | three |
चतुर् | chatur | chetri | četri | four |
पञ्चन् | panchan | piatsi ("ia" as in "ian") | pieci | five |
षष् | shash | seshi | seši | six |
सप्तन् | saptan | septini ("n" as in "sing") | septiņi | seven |
अष्टन् | ashTan (palatal "T") | astoni ("n" as in "sing") | astoņi | eight |
दशन् | dashan | desmit | desmit | ten |
गुरु | guru | gruuta | grūta | pregnant |
सुमुख | sumukha | smuks | smuks | handsome |
Devanāgarī | Sk.-Eng. Transliteration | Latv.-Eng. Transliteration | Latvian | Common Meaning (other meanings notwithstanding) |
ऋत | rta ("r" pronounced "ri" as in "rig") | ritait ("ai" like "ai" in air) | ritēt | Latv.: to flow, course; Sk.: order or course of things |
आर्य | aarya | araays | arājs | Latv.: ploughman (but also respected head of family); Sk.: noble |
पतम, पत्र | patama, pattra | putns | putns | bird |
वह | vah | vest | vest | to bring |
चित्त | chitta | sirds | sirds | heart (Sk. also "mind") |
अनुलोम | anuloma | uz mata | uz mata | Literal and idiomatic similarity: Latv.: lit., on hair, i.e., correct; Sk.: with hair, or fur, i.e., in the proper manner |
Original final "-स्" | -s as ending for masculine-gendered words; changes to visarga in grammar | -s ending for masculine-gendered words | -s | Common ending for masculine-gender words |
क्श | ksha | karsh | karš | Latv.: war; Sk.: 1. destruction; 2. field |
Awesome assembly of words, and very well presented at that! I note that some examples could also show a connection of Sanskrit to many other European languages, but many other examples are truly striking and suggest a connection between Latvian and Sanskrit that is far deeper.
ReplyDeleteHi Martin,
ReplyDeleteYour name sounds very much Sanskrit in origin. Martin is derived from Martand (मार्तंड) meaning the Sun. Putenis sounds like Putrah (पुत्र:) meaning the son. So your name means The Son of the Sun. It will be interesting to find out what that means in Latvian.
Thank you!
-Gamma Pailvan